POSIX also defines a standard threading library API which is supported by most modern operating systems. Many user-level programs, services, and utilities (including awk, echo, ed) were also standardized, along with required program-level services (including basic I/O: file, terminal, and network).
The standardized user command line and scripting interface were based on the UNIX System V shell. The POSIX specifications for Unix-like operating systems originally consisted of a single document for the core programming interface, but eventually grew to 19 separate documents (POSIX.1, POSIX.2, etc). However, several major versions of Unix existed-so there was a need to develop a common-denominator system.
Unix was selected as the basis for a standard system interface partly because it was "manufacturer-neutral".
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